Capital Investments quiz Corporate Finance QuizFinancial Analysis Quiz Share Capital Investments 30 questions in 30 minutes Pass Score 70% The questions change when you repeat the exam 1 / 30 A company is considering the purchase of a copier that costs $5,000. Assume a required rate of return of 10% and the following cash flow schedule : Year 1: $3,000 Year 2: $2,000 Year 3: $2,000 The project’s NPV isclosestto: + $883 – $309 $1,523 CF0 = –5,000 ; CF1 = 3,000 ; CF2 = 2,000 ; CF3 = 2,000 ; I / Y = 10 ; NPV = $883 2 / 30 A company is considering building a distribution center that will allow it to expand sales into a new region comprising three provinces. John Parker, a firm analyst, has argued that the current analysis fails to incorporate the amount they could get from selling the distribution center at the end of year 2, rather than operating it to the end of the project’s assumed economic life. Parker is suggesting that : the analysis should include the value of a put option the assumed investment horizon is too long the analysis should include the value of a call option The option to abandon the project and receive the market value of the facility if actual cash flows are less than expected over the first two years can be viewed as a valuable put option that should be included in the calculation of the project’s NPV. 3 / 30 Kim Corporation is considering an investment of 750 million with expected after-tax cash inflows of 175 million per year for seven years. The required rate of return is 10 %. What is the investment’s : NPV (193 million) . IRR (10.0%) NPV (102 million) . IRR (14.0%) NPV (157 million) . IRR (23.3%) Using a financial calculator : CF0= – 750 ; CF1= 175 ; F1= 7; CPT IRR = 14.0198 CF0= – 750 ; CF1= 175 ; F1= 7; I = 10 ; CPT NPV = 101.9733 4 / 30 A company is considering moving its manufacturing facilities to either Texas or South Carolina to decrease taxes and labor costs. After estimating all the relevant incremental after-tax cash flows of each move, an analyst estimates the IRR of a move to Texas to be 13% and the IRR of a move to South Carolina to be 15%. If the appropriate discount rate to evaluate the moves is 14%, the analyst : can conclude that the move to South Carolina should be undertaken may find that the move to Texas is preferable when projects are ranked by their NPVs cannot conclude that the move to South Carolina should be undertaken because the two moves are mutually exclusive Based on the IRRs, the move to South Carolina will have a positive NPV (the IRR is greater than the discount rate) and the move to Texas will have a negative NPV. In this case, we can rank the two projects based on their IRRs. If the appropriate discount rate was less than both IRRs, for example, 10%, the IRR rankings could not reliably be used to choose between the two proposed moves . 5 / 30 The incremental after-tax cash flows (in € thousands) and information on two mutually exclusive projects are as follows: IRR (%) NPV 4 3 2 1 0 Year 16.0 354.0 8,000 8,000 5,000 2,000 15,000 - Project X ? ? 15,000 7,000 500 200 13,250 - Project Y The appropriate hurdle rate to use in evaluating the projects is 15%. Which of the following statements is most accurate? The company should accept: Project X only Project Y only Both projects Project X CF0 = – 15,000 ; CF1 = 2,000 ; CF2 = 5,000 ; CF3 = 8,000 ; CF4 = 8,000 ; I = 15 ; CPT NPV = 354.0046 IRR= 16 % (given) Project Y CF0 = – 13,250 ; CF1 = 200 ; CF2 = 500 ; CF3 = 7,000 ; CF4 = 15,000 ; I = 15 ; CPT NPV = 480.8972 CF0 = – 13,250 ; CF1 = 200 ; CF2 = 500 ; CF3 = 7,000 ; CF4 = 15,000 ; CPT IRR = 16.1542 Because these projects are mutually exclusive, only one can be undertaken: It should be Project Y, which has the highest NPV and thus increases shareholder wealth the most. Both projects’ IRRs exceed the hurdle rate, and the IRR of Project Y exceeds that of Project X. The decision, however, should be based on the superior NPV of Project Y (Both projects ) is incorrect. Both NPVX and NPVY are positive, but because they are mutually exclusive projects, only the one with higher positive NPV will be chosen 6 / 30 A firm is reviewing an investment opportunity that requires an initial cash outlay of $336,875 and promises to return the following irregular payments : Year 1: $100,000 Year 2: $82,000 Year 3: $76,000 Year 4: $111,000 Year 5: $142,000 If the required rate of return for the firm is 8%, what is the net present value of the investment ? $86,133 $99,860 $64,582 CF0= – $336,875 CF1= $100,000 CF2 = $ 82,000 CF3 = $ 76,000 CF4 = $ 111,000 CF5 = $ 142,000 I= 8 CPT→ NPV = $64,582 or To determine the net present value of the investment, given the required rate of return, we can discount each cash flow to its present value, sum the present value, and subtract the required investment. PV of Cash flow at 8% Cash Flow Year – 336,875.00 – 336,875.00 0 92,592.59 100,000.00 1 70,301.78 82,000.00 2 60,331.25 76,000.00 3 81,588.31 111,000.00 4 96,642.81 142,000.00 5 64,581.74 Net Present Value 7 / 30 Consider the two investments below. The cash flows, as well as the NPV and IRR, for the two investments are given. For both investments, the required rate of return is 10% . Cash Flows IRR (%) NPV 4 3 2 1 0 Year 16.37 14.12 36 36 36 36 - 100 Investment 1 15.02 19.53 175 0 0 0 - 100 Investment 2 What discount rate would result in the same NPV for both investments ? A rate between 10.00% and 15.02% A rate between 0.00% and 10.00% A rate between 15.02% and 16.37% For these investments, a discount rate of 13.16% would yield the same NPV for both (an NPV of 6.73). We subtract the two investments from each other: CF0 = – 100 - (– 100) = 0 CF1 = 36 - 0 = 36 ; F1 = 3 CF2 = 36 - 175 = - 139 ; F1 = 1 CPT IRR = 13.159 CF0 = – 100 - (– 100) = 0 CF1 = 36 - 0 = 36 ; F1 = 3 CF2 = 36 - 175 = - 139 ; F1 = 1 I= 13.159 CPT NPV = 6.7282 8 / 30 Jack Smith, CFA, is analyzing independent investment projects X and Y. Smith has calculated the net present value (NPV) and internal rate of return (IRR) for each project: Project X ⇒ NPV = $250; IRR = 15% Project Y ⇒ NPV = $5,000; IRR = 8% Smith should make which of the following recommendations concerning the two projects ? Accept both projects Accept Project Y only Accept Project X only The projects are independent, meaning that either one or both projects may be chosen. Both projects have positive NPVs, therefore both projects add to shareholder wealth and both projects should be accepted. 9 / 30 Catherine Ndereba is an energy analyst tasked with evaluating a crude oil exploration and production company. The company previously announced that it plans to embark on a new project to drill for oil offshore. As a result of this announcement, the stock price increased by 10%. After conducting her analysis, Ms. Ndereba concludes that the project does indeed have a positive NPV. Which statement is true ? The stock price could remain steady, move higher, or move lower The stock price should remain where it is because Ms. Ndereba’s analysis confirms that the recent run-up was justified The stock price should go even higher now that an independent source has confirmed that the NPV is positive There are many factors that can affect the stock price, including whether Ms. Ndereba’s analysis indicates that the project is more or less profitable than investors expected . 10 / 30 In the capital allocation process, a post-audit is used to : stimulate management to improve operations, bring results into line with forecasts, and eliminate potentially profitable but risky projects improve cash flow forecasts and eliminate potentially profitable but risky projects improve cash flow forecasts and stimulate management to improve operations and bring results into line with forecasts A post-audit identifies what went right and what went wrong. It is used to improve forecasting and operations . 11 / 30 Which of the following ismost likelya going concern project ? Purchasing a new model of a factory machine that will decrease unit production costs Acquiring and merging with a supplier to secure a source for a key component Opening a retail outlet in a new region Going concern projects are those to maintain the business or to increase the efficiency of existing operations. The other two projects are business growth investments that increase the size of the company . 12 / 30 Bouchard Industries is a Canadian company that manufactures gutters for residential houses. Its management believes it has developed a new process that produces a superior product. The company must make an initial investment of CAD 190 million to begin production. If demand is high, cash flows are expected to be CAD 40 million per year. If demand is low, cash flows will be only CAD 20 million per year. Management believes there is an equal chance that demand will be high or low. The investment, which has an investment horizon of ten years, also gives the company a production-flexibility option allowing the company to add shifts at the end of the first year if demand turns out to be high. If the company exercises this option, net cash flows would increase by an additional CAD 5 million in Years 2–10. Bouchard’s opportunity cost of funds is 10%. The internal auditor for Bouchard Industries has made two suggestions for improving capital allocation processes at the company. The internal auditor’s suggestions are as follows: Suggestion 1: “In order to treat all capital allocation proposals in a fair manner, the investments should all use the risk-free rate for the required rate of return.” Suggestion 2: “When rationing capital, it is better to choose the portfolio of investments that maximizes the company NPV than the portfolio that maximizes the company IRR.” What is the NPV (CAD millions) of the original project for Bouchard Industries without considering the production-flexibility option ? CAD 6.11 million - CAD 5.66 million - CAD 2.33 million - If demand is “high,” the NPV is as follows: CF0 = – 190 ; CF1 = 40 ; F1 = 10; I = 10 ; CPT NPV = 55.78 If demand is “low,” the NPV is CF0 = – 190 ; CF1 = 20 ; F1 = 10; I = 10 ; CPT NPV = - 67.11 The expected NPV is 0.50 (55.78) + 0.50 (–67.11) = – 5.66 or (40+20)÷ 2 = 30 CF0 = – 190 ; CF1 = 30 ; F1 = 10; I = 10 ; CPT NPV = - 5.663 13 / 30 Should a company accept a project that has an IRR of 14% and an NPV of $2.8 million if the cost of capital is 12% ? Yes, based on the NPV and the IRR Yes, based only on the NPV No, based on the NPV and the IRR The project should be accepted on the basis of its positive NPV and its IRR, which exceeds the cost of capital. 14 / 30 Which of the following statements concerning the principles underlying the capital allocation process ismost accurate? Cash flows should be based on opportunity costs Financing costs should be reflected in a project’s incremental cash flows The net income for a project is essential for making a correct capital allocation decision Cash flows are based on opportunity costs. Financing costs are recognized in the project’s required rate of return. Accounting net income, which includes non-cash expenses, is irrelevant; incremental cash flows are essential for making correct capital allocation decisions . 15 / 30 Wilson Flannery is concerned that the following investment has multiple IRRs . 3 2 1 0 Year - 50 100 0 - 50 Cash flow How many discount rates produce a zero NPV for this investment ? Two, discount rates of 0% and 32% One, a discount rate of 0% Two, discount rates of 0% and 62% Discount rates of 0% and approximately 61.8% both give an NPV of zero 100% 80% 61.8% 60% 40% 20% 0% Rate - 6.25 - 3.02 0.00 0.29 3.21 4.40 0.00 NPV CF0 = – 50 ; CF1 = 100 ; CF2 = 0 ; CF3 = - 50 ; I = 0 ; CPT NPV = 0 CF0 = – 50 ; CF1 = 100 ; CF2 = 0 ; CF3 = - 50 ; I = 32 ; CPT NPV = 4.0181 CF0 = – 50 ; CF1 = 100 ; CF2 = 0 ; CF3 = - 50 ; I = 62 ; CPT NPV = - 0.0321 16 / 30 Erin Chou is reviewing a profitable investment that has a conventional cash flow pattern. If the cash flows for the initial outlay and future after-tax cash flows all double, Chou would predict that the IRR would : stay the same and the NPV would stay the same stay the same and the NPV would increase increase and the NPV would increase The IRR would stay the same because both the initial outlay and the after-tax cash flows double, so the return on each dollar invested would remain the same. All the cash flows and their present values double. The difference between the total present value of the future cash flows and the initial outlay (the NPV) also doubles . 17 / 30 Polington Aircraft Co. just announced a sale of 30 aircraft to Cuba, a project with a net present value of $10 million. Investors did not anticipate the sale because government approval to sell to Cuba had never before been granted. The share price of Polington should theoretically : increase by the project NPV divided by the number of common shares outstanding not necessarily change because new contract announcements are made all the time increase by the NPV × (1 – corporate tax rate) divided by the number of common shares outstanding Since the sale was not anticipated by the market, the share price should rise by the NPV of the project per common share. NPV is already calculated using after-tax cash flows. 18 / 30 If two projects are mutually exclusive, a company : can accept either project, but not both projects must accept both projects or reject both projects can accept one of the projects, both projects, or neither project Mutually exclusive means that out of the set of possible projects, only one project can be selected. Given two mutually exclusive projects, the company can accept one of the projects or reject both projects, but cannot accept both projects . 19 / 30 A firm is considering a project that would require an initial investment of 270 million . The project will help increase the firm’s after-tax net cash flows by 30 million per year in perpetuity, and it is found to have a negative NPV of 20 million. The IRR (%) of the project is closest to: 11.1% 12.0% 10.3% The IRR is the discount rate that makes the NPV = 0. Because the cash flow stream is in perpetuity, it can be solved as follows: 0 = –270 + (30/IRR) IRR = 11.1% 20 / 30 Financing costs for a capital project are : subtracted from estimates of a project’s future cash flows captured in the project’s required rate of return subtracted from the net present value of a project Financing costs are reflected in a project's required rate of return. Project specific financing costs should not be included as project cash flows. The firm's overall weighted average cost of capital, adjusted for project risk, should be used to discount expected project cash flows. 21 / 30 The estimated annual after-tax cash flows of a proposed investment are shown below : Year 1: $10,000 Year 2: $15,000 Year 3: $18,000 After-tax cash flow from sale of investment at the end of year 3 is $120,000 The initial cost of the investment is $100,000, and the required rate of return is 12%. The net present value (NPV) of the project is closest to : $19,113 -$66,301 $63,000 CFO = -100,000; CF1 = 10,000; CF2 = 15,000; CF3 = 138,000; I = 12; CPT→NPV = $19,112. 22 / 30 Which of the following steps is least likely to be a step in the capital allocation process ? Forecasting cash flows and analyzing project profitability Conducting a post-audit to identify errors in the forecasting process Arranging financing for capital projects Arranging financing is not one of the administrative steps in the capital budgeting process. The four administrative steps in the capital budgeting process are: 1. Idea generation 2. Analyzing project proposals 3. Creating the firm-wide capital budget 4. Monitoring decisions and conducting a post-audit 23 / 30 The effect of a company announcement that they have begun a project with a current cost of $10 million that will generate future cash flows with a present value of $20 million is most likely to : increase value of the firm’s common shares by $10 million increase the value of the firm’s common shares by $20 million only affect value of the firm’s common shares if the project was unexpected Stock prices reflect investor expectations for future investment and growth. A new positive-NPV project will increase stock price only if it was not previously anticipated by investors . 24 / 30 A three-year investment requires an initial outlay of GBP1,000. It is expected to provide three year-end cash flows of GBP200 plus a net salvage value of GBP700 at the end of three years. Its IRR is closest to : 20% 10% 11% Using either the IRR function in Excel or a financial calculator, IRR is determined by setting the NPV equal to zero for the cash flows shown in the following table 3 2 1 0 Year 900 200 200 - 1,000 Cash flow (GBP) CFO = -1,000; CF1 = 200; CF2 = 200; CF3 = 900; CPT→ IRR = 11.0258 25 / 30 The IRR is best described as the : opportunity COC discount rate that makes the NPV equal to zero time weighted rate of return The IRR is computed by identifying all cash flows and solving for the rate that makes the NPV of those cash flows equal to zero. 26 / 30 The financial manager at Genesis Company is looking into the purchase of an apartment complex for $550,000. Net after-tax cash flows are expected to be $65,000 for each of the next five years, then drop to $50,000 for four years. Genesis' required rate of return is 9% on projects of this nature. After nine years, Genesis Company expects to sell the property for after-tax proceeds of $300,000. What is the respective internal rate of return on this project ? 7.01% 6.66% 13.99% CF0= –$550,000 ; CF1= $65,000 ; F1= 5; CF2= $50,000; F2= 3; CF3= $350,000; F3= 1 . CPT IRR = 7.0152. Note that the cash flows in year 9 have to be netted to calculate the IRR correctly. 27 / 30 Johnson's Jar Lids is deciding whether to begin producing jars. Johnson's pays a consultant $50,000 for market research that concludes Johnson's sales of jar lids will increase by 5% if it also produces jars. In choosing the cash flows to include when evaluating a project to begin producing jars, Johnson's should : include both the cost of the market research and the effect on the sales of jar lids exclude the cost of the market research and include the effect on the sales of jar lids include the cost of the market research and exclude the effect on the sales of jar lids Sunk costs should be excluded from cash flows, as they are costs that cannot be avoided even if the project is not undertaken. Externalities, such as positive or negative effects of accepting a project on sales of the company's existing products, should be included in the cash flows. 28 / 30 Fisher, Inc., is evaluating the benefits of investing in a new industrial printer. The printer will cost $28,000 and increase after-tax cash flows by $7,000 during each of the next four years and $6,000 in each of the two years after that. The internal rate of return (IRR) of the printer project is closest to: 11.8% 12.0% 11.6% CF0= – $28,000 ; CF1= $7,000 ; F1= 4 ; CF2= $6,000 ; F2= 2 ; CPT→IRR = 11.6175% . 29 / 30 When dealing with mutually exclusive projects, the most reliable decision rule is : IRR time weighted rate of return NPV The NPV rule’s assumption about reinvestment rates is more realistic and more economically relevant than the IRR rule because it incorporates the market-determined opportunity cost of capital as a discount rate. In contrast, the IRR calculation assumes reinvestment at the IRR, which sometimes cannot be achieved because it is too high. Time-weighted rate of return suffers similar shortcomings as IRR. 30 / 30 An investment of $ 150,000 is expected to generate an after-tax cash flow of $ 100,000 in one year and another $ 120,000 in two years. The COC is 10 %. What is the IRR ? 28.39% 28.79% 28.59% Using a financial calculator or the trial and error method, the IRR is 28.79%. The COC, which is stated as 10%, is not used to solve the problem. 2 1 0 Year 120,000 100,000 150,000 - Cash flow Using a financial calculator: Cf0 = -150,000 ;C01 = 100,000 ; C02 = 120,000 ; CPT IRR = 28.7855 Your score is LinkedIn Facebook Twitter VKontakte 0% Send feedback types of capital investments made by companies Principles of Capital Allocation Net Present Value (NPV) Internal Rate of Return (IRR) relations among a company’s investments, company value, and share price calculate net present valueCapital Investmentscapital investments examples